my sister let's my nephew play outside by himself and hes 5. as long as he stays where she can see him if she looks outside, if he goes to a friends house he just has to let her know and like @hermommy said i think it depends on where you live..
Where I grew up my mom let me play outside at 5 so long as I was with my sister or older cousins but I could play alone by the time I was 7 so long as she knew where I was. I was responsible to be so young lol so she knew I wouldn't stay out too long or go too far.
depending on where you live, I grew up in a tiny tiny town where everyone knew everyone so at 6 I was allowed to play on my street alone or the neighboring street by 8 I could go all over the neighborhood.
my children are 8 and 9 year's old and i still supervise them when playing outside!! my 9 year old also has a cell phone so he can call me and check in