my sister let's my nephew play outside by himself and hes 5. as long as he stays where she can see him if she looks outside, if he goes to a friends house he just has to let her know and like @hermommy said i think it depends on where you live..
Where I grew up my mom let me play outside at 5 so long as I was with my sister or older cousins but I could play alone by the time I was 7 so long as she knew where I was. I was responsible to be so young lol so she knew I wouldn't stay out too long or go too far.
my children are 8 and 9 year's old and i still supervise them when playing outside!! my 9 year old also has a cell phone so he can call me and check in